Nature-Inspired Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for Sustainable Solutions

Abstract: This study explores the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures using three green mediums: Citrus reticulata, rice husk ash, and Reetha fruit extracts, selected for their rich phytochemical content. We elucidate the ZnO formation mechanism, yielding materials with diverse properties for various applications. Characterization methods, including XRD, reveal crystallite sizes of 19.9 nm, 16.0 nm, and 19 nm, while UV-Vis spectroscopy determines band-gap energies of 3.26 eV, 3.275 eV, and 3.25 eV. Raman spectroscopy indicates distinct phonon modes, and XPS confirms key chemical peaks. FESEM shows various nanoscale morphologies, while zeta potential measurements highlight negative surface charges and good colloidal stability. These findings demonstrate successful ZnO synthesis with potential applications in nanofluids, LEDs, optoelectronics, and energy devices, advocating for sustainable methods to reduce environmental risks associated with traditional processes.