Radiological Analysis of Component Orientation in Un-Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty via Posterolateral Approach

Introduction: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical intervention for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis, aimed at alleviating pain and improving mobility. Accurate positioning of the acetabular cup and femoral stem is critical for the longevity and function of the implant. This study focuses on the radiological evaluation of acetabular and femoral component orientation in uncemented THA performed using the posterolateral approach. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of acetabular cup inclination and anteversion, along with femoral stem alignment, using radiological analysis, and to correlate these measurements with patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This observational analytical study included 52 patients who underwent uncemented THA between January 2016 and October 2022. All surgeries were performed using the posterolateral approach. Radiographic evaluation was conducted to measure acetabular cup inclination, anteversion, and femoral stem alignment. Postoperative radiographs were analysed for each patient, and angles were calculated using specific radiological markers. Results: The average acetabular cup inclination was found to be within the safe range of 40°-45° in 82% of patients, while anteversion was between 15°-25° in 75% of cases. Femoral stem alignment was within 5° of neutral in 90% of patients. Mispositioning of components was associated with a higher incidence of complications such as dislocation and limb length discrepancy. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of precise radiological evaluation in ensuring optimal implant positioning in THA. The majority of patients showed satisfactory alignment of both the acetabular cup and femoral stem, correlating with improved clinical outcomes. However, deviations from the ideal alignment can lead to postoperative complications, underscoring the need for careful intraoperative techniques and postoperative assessment.