КЕРАМІЧНІ ПРЕДМЕТИ З АНТРОПОМОРФНИМИ ФОРМАМИ В ІНТЕР'ЄРІ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ

Summary. Ukrainian anthropomorphic earthenware items or vessels in the shape of a personare not only unique samples of decorative and applied arts, but also an important source of studyingpeople’s everyday life. Throughout the 19th-20th cc. anthropomorphic shapes were a topical issue inthe creative life of many potters: those items were terracotta, smoked, painted or glazed. The divisionof these works into groups determined their function, i.e. there were lighting appliances, crockery,interior items etc. Images of a person can be seen among sculpted toys and pipes. Every item ischaracterized by a different degree of generalization, namely the anthropomorphic shape is eitherstylized or realistic, given in its full size or as a fragment. The given article analyzes the 19th-20th cc.earthenware, found in the interior, in particular lighting appliances (candlesticks), vases, hangingflower pots, ashtrays, earthenware money boxes, and earthenware pencil boxes.Ukrainian potters made candlesticks with anthropomorphic silhouettes for one, two or threecandles, mainly similar to wooden ones. In some items “the plastic language” prevailed, whereas theothers were made on the potter’s wheel and painted. The construction was based on the image of awoman (Pistyn), a man (Berezhany), a potter (Komarne) etc. The anthropomorphic candlesticks wereoften moulded in closed-type vessels (round pots, pumpkin-shaped vessels or pots). Among twocandle candlesticks we can also see a human image, for instance a man in full size (Zhornyshche).The schemes of candlesticks could even sometimes represent a whole scene (Kosiv).Stylized and realistic features are typical of figure-shaped vases and hanging flower pots. Forinstance, we can single out woman-shaped vases by a renowned artist Yakiv Hnizdovskyi, born inTernopil region. In the “plastic” compositions of hanging flower pots one could mainly see an imageof a well-built old man (Kosiv). In the second half of the 20th c. in Kosiv people often used ashtrayswhich were decorated with vegetative ornaments. There is a rare sample of an ashtray in the shapeof a girl with long hair (Kryshchyntsi). The shape of a round pot is the basis for another earthenwaremoney box with anthropomorphic features (Mykolayiv). Potters displayed their creativity in otherinterior items, like earthenware pencil boxes in the shape of a young girl etc.Key words: earthenware items, interior, anthropomorphic features, candlesticks, vases, flowerpots, ashtrays, earthenware money boxes, earthenware pencil boxes.