Women in Political Discourse: A CDA of Gender Representation in Pakistani Parliamentary Debates

This study critically examines the representation of women in Pakistani parliamentary debates through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Using Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, the research explores how language constructs gender roles, reinforces stereotypes, and reflects power dynamics within political discourse. The analysis draws from parliamentary proceedings, focusing on the discursive strategies employed by male and female politicians when discussing gender-related issues. The study highlights patterns of marginalization, empowerment, and ideological positioning that shape the portrayal of women in political settings. Findings indicate that despite an increasing presence of women in politics, discourse continues to reflect patriarchal norms, often undermining female politicians' agency. However, instances of resistance and empowerment also emerge, signalling a gradual shift toward gender inclusivity. This research contributes to the broader discourse on gender and politics by uncovering the linguistic mechanisms that sustain or challenge gendered power relations in parliamentary debates.