Design & Management of Housing System for Promoting Animal Welfare, Productivity & Ease of Management in Small Ruminants

This review explores innovative housing models and key factors influencing small ruminant welfare, productivity, and management. Various housing designs, such as the plastic-based 2-tier model, Yagya-type shed, bamboo dome, thermocol-based shed, and grass mat modified shed, have been developed to address the unique needs of goats and sheep in different climates. Key factors like space allowance, stocking density, ventilation, flooring, roofing, and lighting are crucial for optimizing animal welfare and productivity. Adequate space improves growth and feed efficiency, while proper stocking density, ventilation, and flooring enhance health and performance. The study highlights the importance of adapting housing systems to meet the specific needs of small ruminants, ensuring improved health, welfare, and productivity.