CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR BACTERIAL MENINGITIS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

In recent years, the role of molecular diagnostic methods in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has significantly increased. PCR and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques allow for the detection of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity, even at low concentrations in the sample. Metagenomic studies enable the identification of a wide range of pathogens without prior assumptions about the type of causative agent. Additionally, new biomarkers, such as specific proteins or metabolites, can provide further information about the nature and severity of the infection. Immunological methods, such as antibody tests, assist in diagnosing chronic or difficult-to-detect infections, such as neurosyphilis. Modern technologies for the automation and robotization of laboratory processes allow for faster test execution and improved reproducibility of results. This article reviews the latest advances in diagnostic methods for CSF analysis, with a focus on the most common CNS infections.