Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Undergoing Major Surgery

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD), a global health issue, increases the likelihood of complications after major surgeries. CLD patients’ diminished liver function can induce coagulopathy, infections, and poor wound healing, making surgery difficult. Despite the risks, local and regional CLD surgical outcomes data is sparse. This retrospective study examines CLD patients who underwent major surgery at MGM College and LSK Hospital in Kishanganj, including post-operative complications, mortality rates, and risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study included 50 CLD patients who had major procedures at MGM College and LSK Hospital in 2022 and 2023. Medical records comprised patients’ ages, sexes, liver function tests (Child-Pugh and MELD scores), procedures, complications, hospital stay, and death rates. Participants with proven CLD and extensive surgeries were eligible; those lacking full records or less extensive treatments were not. We employed descriptive statistics (mean, median) and comparative analysis (chi-square and t-tests) to determine if liver disease levels correlated with surgery results. Results: The research group consisted of 50 patients, averaging 55. The population was 68% male and 32% female. 60% of patients had Child-Pugh Class B liver disease, 30% Class C. After surgery, 48% of difficulties were infections (18%), bleeding (14%), and liver failure (10%). Patient mortality was 16% within 30 days of surgery. Class C patients with higher Child-Pugh and MELD scores had 72% complications and 27.8% fatalities, indicating worse outcomes. The study found that diabetes and hypertension were co-morbidities, increasing complications and mortality. Conclusion: Major CLD surgery increases complications and mortality, especially in advanced liver disease patients. These hazards can be reduced with careful perioperative treatment and liver function testing. This study highlights personalizing therapy to each patient’s needs and advocates for more research into improving surgical outcomes for at-risk patients.