Literature Study: Internet of Things (IoT) as a Transformative Technology in Building a Smart City Concept

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most transformative technologies in building the smart city concept. With the potential to connect diverse devices through internet networks, IoT enables increased efficiency in sectors such as transportation, energy and health. This research aims to explore the role of IoT in smart city implementation, highlighting its challenges and opportunities. Based on a literature review and empirical analysis, this research finds that although IoT can improve the quality of life in smart cities, there are several major challenges that must be overcome, such as security, scalability and interoperability issues. This article provides deeper insight into how to optimize IoT deployment to achieve urban sustainability. The novelty in this research lies in the integrative approach that combines the analysis of technical and non-technical challenges in IoT implementation in smart cities. This research also proposes practical solutions to overcome these challenges, such as the development of public policies that encourage IoT interoperability and security.