Adiponectin Polymorphisms and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract This comprehensive review explores the role of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms in obesity and related metabolic disorders. Adiponectin, a hormone primarily secreted by adipocytes, plays a central role in glucose and lipid metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene, such as rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766, have been associated with variations in adiponectin levels and obesity risk. We examine the impact of these polymorphisms on obesity susceptibility, their effects on metabolic health, and how gene-environment interactions, such as lifestyle and dietary habits, may influence these associations. Additionally, we address ethnic variability and discuss potential mechanisms that explain how ADIPOQ variants impact obesity and related metabolic pathways. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between adiponectin polymorphisms and obesity, emphasizing the potential for genetic insights to inform obesity prevention and treatment strategies. Keywords: Adiponectin Polymorphisms, Obesity, adipocytes.