Exploring motivating factors for soil protection measures by farmers in the Spanish region of Guadalajara: A Q-Methodology approach

Soil health is crucial for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, yet farmers' adoption of soil protection practices varies widely. This study focuses on understanding the motivations behind soil management decisions among farmers in Guadalajara, Spain, using the Qmethodology. The research identifies three archetypes of farmers: "The Soil Considered," who prioritize long-term soil health; "The Economic Individualist," who focuses on immediate economic gains; and "The Contemporary Minded," who balance economic viability with ecological responsibility. Through semi-structured interviews and Q-sorting, the study reveals that economic pressures, skepticism towards external advice, and bureaucratic challenges are significant barriers to adopting sustainable practices. The findings suggest that current policy measures, particularly those related to the Common Agricultural Policy, are inadequate in addressing these challenges. Farmers expressed a preference for compensation in addition to fair market prices rather than traditional subsidies. The study concludes that a wider approach in agricultural policies, which includes expanding Agri-Environmental Schemes and reducing bureaucratic burdens, could better support soil conservation efforts. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance agricultural resilience and sustainability, though further investigation is needed to address the economic and social barriers hindering broader adoption of sustainable practices.