Mycetoma: Diagnosis and Future Treatment Strategies - A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Mycetoma is a chronic, progressively destructive infectious disease caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in countries within the "mycetoma belt," including Sudan and India. The condition often leads to severe morbidity due to delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options, resulting in deformities and disabilities. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic methods, challenges, and promising future treatment strategies, including pharmacological advancements, immunotherapy, and preventive measures.