Hirrius Bolivar 1887

Genus Hirrius Bolívar, 1887 Vernacular name: Mindanao Blackhoppers (Figs. 1–13) Historical mentions: under Arulenus Stål 1877: 55–56; As Hirrius Bolívar 1887: 191, 196, 308; Hancock 1907: 7; Kirby 1910: 3; Bolívar 1931: 30; Günther 1937: 176; 1938: 303; Blackith 1992: 90; Yin et al. 1996: 875; Otte 1997: 33; Skejo 2017: 29, 48, 117–121; Patano et al. 2022: 776. Type species Arulenus punctatus Stål, 1877 (= Hirrius punctatus), by original monotypy. Composition and distribution. Three species endemic to Mindanao, the Philippines (Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C): Hirrius punctatus (Stål, 1877), H. mindanaensis Günther, 1938, and Hirrius ruber sp. nov. Diagnosis. The genus Hirrius shares similarities with genera Guentheracris gen. nov., Parahirrius gen. nov. and Zvierckia gen. nov., that were assigned to the genus Hirrius hitherto, but can easily be distinguished from these genera, as well as from other similar Tetrigidae genera, such as Melainotettix and Camelotettix, by the following set of traits: (1) Antennae smooth, long and with almost all the segments widened (filiform and short in Parahirrius gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix; only subapical antennomeres widened in Guentheracris gen. nov.; antennae with toothed margins and widened subapical antennomeres in Zvierckia gen. nov.); (2) Antennal grooves inserted between the eyes, in similar fashion as in Guentheracris gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix (at the level of the lower margins of the compound eyes or slightly below in Parahirrius gen. nov., while strongly below the lower margins of the compound eyes in Zvierckia gen. nov.); (3) pronotal discus in lateral view flat with a barely perceptible hump after prozona (with weak projections/tubercles in Zvierckia gen. nov.; undulated in Guentheracris gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix); (4) tegmina not visible (visible in Zvierckia gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix); (5) hindwings visible in some species (visible in Zvierckia gen. nov. and Guentheracris gen. nov., while large and easily visible in Melainotettix and Camelotettix, not visible at all in Parahirrius gen. nov.). The genus Arulenus Stål, 1877 from Mindanao with widened subapical antennal segments can easily be distinguished from all the mentioned genera by the high spines between the shoulders.