Outcome of Burnout among Caregivers of Dementia Patients in AlHassa

Abstract Background: Dementia affects the elderly by impairing memory, orientation, and decision-making. Caregivers, often family members, experience significant stress and burnout due to the intensive care required. While there is substantial literature on occupational burnout, limited studies focus on the stress faced by dementia caregivers in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region. This study aims to quantify caregiver burden and its impact on the quality of care for dementia patients in AlHassa, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 in AlHassa, Saudi Arabia. Convenience sampling targeted caregivers of dementia patients from Ministry of Health outpatient clinics. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire, including the revised Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZBI-12) and patient A1C levels to assess care quality. A minimum sample size of 183 was determined based on a 50% prevalence rate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The study included 181 participants, nearly evenly split by gender (49.7% males, 50.3% females). Most caregivers were married (80.7%), had university or secondary education (72.4%), and were primarily the patient's children (79%). Caregivers' age ranged from 18 to over 65, with 62.4% living with the patient. The mean ZBI-12 score was 15.39 (SD = 11.20), with 42.5% experiencing no to mild burden, 27.1% mild to moderate burden, and 30.4% high burden. Caregiver burden was significantly associated with living with the patient (p = 0.016) and the number of children (p = 0.002). Patients with dementia for over six years had caregivers with lower burden scores (p = 0.025). Other factors such as gender, marital status, education, and comorbidity showed no significant effects. Conclusion: Caregiver burden in dementia patients in AlHassa is significant, with nearly a third experiencing high levels of stress. Key factors influencing burden include residence with the patient and childcare responsibilities, while longer disease duration is associated with lower caregiver burden, potentially due to adaptation over time. These findings highlight the need for targeted support interventions for caregivers to improve both their well-being and the quality of care for dementia patients. Keywords: Caregiver Burden, dementia, Burnout, Saudi Arabia, Quality of Care.