Analysis and simulation of wormhole attack in wireless sensor networks using NS3 simulation Tool

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and ad-hoc networks are increasingly popular due to their ability to solve complex problems and advancements in technology that enable smarter and denser networks. Security in these networks is crucial, particularly when sensors operate in hostile environments. Wormhole attacks pose a significant threat as they can be initiated without compromising sensor bypassing cryptographic defenses. This paper analyzes and simulates wormhole attack in WSN using the NS3 simulation tool, focusing on the AODV routing protocol and TCP for data transmission. Our study proposesa method to detect wormhole attacks and evaluate their impact on network performance, utilizingnetwork connectivity information without relying on specialized measurements. IndexTerms—wireless sensor networks, wormholeattack, security, NS3 simulation, AODV protocol, TCP protocol