Prospective Study on Clinical Profile and Outcome Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Indian Patients

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a severe clinical syndrome associated with high hospital mortality. However, limited prospective data exist on the long-term outcomes of AKI. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profiles and factors influencing outcomes in patients with AKI over a follow-up period. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from August 2024 to November 2024, enrolling 80 participants with AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data on demographics, clinical features, and etiological factors were collected. Patients were followed for three months, and univariate and multinomial analyses were used to predict outcomes. A Cox regression model was applied to identify predictors of mortality. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.67 ± 16.21 years, with a male predominance. Most patients (81.9%) required non-ICU care. Oliguria was observed in 36% of cases, and 39.6% required dialysis. Sepsis was the most common single etiology. The majority of patients were categorized as KDIGO stage 3, followed by stage 2. At three months, 40.6% achieved complete recovery, 12.3% had partial recovery, 4.2% showed no recovery, and 30.4% succumbed to the condition. Mortality was significantly associated with factors such as age, single etiology, hepatorenal syndrome, sepsis, need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressors, comorbidities, and glomerulonephritis. Conclusion: AKI is associated with substantial mortality, even among patients who initially present with non-ICU care needs. These findings emphasize the importance of AKI prevention, early detection, and timely intervention to address reversible risk factors and improve clinical outcomes.