OVERVIEW OF MICROBIAL BIOSYNTHESIS FOCUSING ON VITAL NATURAL PRODUCTS

Microorganisms have existed on Earth for about 3.5 to 4 billion years, constantly evolving and adapting to new environments, and they can be found everywhere. Their presence has played a crucial role in the development of new ecosystems, some of which have paved the way for the evolution of more complex life forms [1]. Microorganisms can communicate with each other, and some produce signals that help form metabolically diverse communities. Without their metabolism and communication, the recycling of essential nutrients on Earth would cease. When faced with harsh conditions, microorganisms adapt and produce secondary metabolites that are vital to their life cycles. These secondary metabolites also have potential applications in medicine, industry, and disease treatment and prevention [2]. Biosynthesis is the process by which living microorganisms modify or combine simple molecules to create larger macromolecules [3]. Natural products, which are unique organic compounds produced by microorganisms as end products of secondary metabolism, have applications in alternative medicine, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and drug discovery [4]. This article explores various biosynthetic processes and secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, as well as the potential importance of natural products in pharmaceutical, medicinal, and industrial biotechnology.