M. K. Gandhi's Philosophy of Women's Emancipation: Historical Context and Contemporary Relevance

Abstract Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy on women’s emancipation, grounded in non-violence and moral leadership, played a pivotal role in challenging patriarchal norms in early 20th-century India. This article examines Gandhi's views on women’s rights within the context of India’s independence movement and explores their contemporary relevance in addressing gender inequality. Gandhi believed in women’s moral superiority and their strength in non-violence, advocating for their active participation in public life, education, and equality in relationships. He opposed regressive practices like child marriage, though his concept of Stri-Dharma, which emphasized traditional gender roles, has been criticized for reinforcing patriarchy. Despite these contradictions, Gandhi’s vision continues to influence discussions on women’s rights in India, particularly in the fight against gender-based violence and the push for economic independence. This study highlights both the enduring relevance and limitations of Gandhi’s philosophy, arguing for structural reforms to achieve full gender equality today.