Asaphes vulgaris Walker 1834

Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834 Fig. 4 Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834: 152. Eurytoma aenea Nees, 1834: 42. Synonymized by Graham 1969: 80. Chrysolampus aeneus Ratzeburg, 1848: 2. Synonymized by Reinhard 1857: 76. Chrysolampus aphidophila Rondani, 1848: 21–22. Synonymized by Bouček 1974: 244. Asaphes vulgaris Walker; Morley 1910: 28; Gibson and Vikberg 1998: 236–239; Xiao and Huang 2000: 198; Huang and Xiao 2005: 275–276; Narendran and Harten 2007: 114–116. Material examined. China, Xinjiang: Altay Prefecture, Qin Li research group • 5 ♀; Altay City; 47 ° 40 ' 16 " N; 88 ° 01 ' 16 " E; 710 m; 12 Jul 2020 • 1 ♀; Fuyun County; 47 ° 01 ' 49 " N, 89 ° 53 ' 46 " E; 1360 m; 11 Jul 2020 • 1 ♀; Fuyun County; 47 ° 01 ' 73 " N, 89 ° 84 ' 68 " E; 1287 m; 22 Jun 2021 • 1 ♀; Fuyun County; 47 ° 21 ' 60 " N, 89 ° 84 ' 43 " E; 1141 m; 23 Jun 2021 • 1 ♀; Qinghe County; 46 ° 43 ' 35 " N, 90 ° 04 ' 49 " E; 1121 m; 21 Jun 2021 • 1 ♀; Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Yuli County; 41 ° 35 ' 11 " N, 86 ° 29 ' 45 " E; 892 m; 5 Aug 2010; Hongying Hu group. Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Qin Li research group • 3 ♀; Gongliu County; 43 ° 22 ' 60 " N, 82 ° 72 ' 09 " E; 1137 m; 10 Jul 2021 • 1 ♀; Huocheng County; 43 ° 94 ' 47 " N, 80 ° 87 ' 04 " E; 515 m; 5 Jul 2021. Diagnosis. Female. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4 D) with comparatively deep emargination between inner orbits and straight temples; gena length (Fig. 4 C) ~ 0.3–0.4 × eye length. Antenna (Fig. 4 C, H) with each funicular subquadrate, and segments loosely joined to each other. Pronotum (Fig. 4 E) 2.3–2.8 × wider than long. Hind leg (Fig. 4 A) with trochanter and femur similarly infuscate to black; metatibia 7.7–7.8 × longer than wide. Fore wing (Fig. 4 G) with speculum distinct, broad basally and narrowed toward stigmal vein. Petiole (Fig. 4 A) at least quadrate and usually slightly longer (1.1–1.3 ×) than wide. Gaster (Fig. 4 A, F) 1.7–1.9 × as long as broad; Gt 1 L slightly longer (1.1 ×) than Gt 2 L. Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Xinjiang, Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, Ningxia, Guangxi). Worldwide (Noyes 2019). Hosts. In North America, A. vulgaris is a hyperparasitoid of aphids, including Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris and Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae) through Aphidius nigripes Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Gibson and Vikberg 1998). Comments. Leg color of A. vulgaris females is similar to that of A. californicus except for trochanter color. Females of A. vulgaris have at least the meso- and metatrochanters infuscate to black, similar in color to the respective femora, whereas at least the metatrochanter of A. californicus females is mostly yellow, paler than the femur. In our study, gena length is 0.3–0.4 × eye length, as described by Huang and Xiao (2005), which differs from the description of 0.5–0.6 × eye length given by Gibson and Vikberg (1998); however, this may reflect a somewhat different method of measurement.