Retrospective Study on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Surgery

Background: Seniors with brain tumour surgery are more likely to develop POCD. Because it can affect independence and quality of life, cognitive decline frequency, causes, and therapies need more research. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly patients who underwent brain tumor surgery, identify factors associated with POCD, and provide insights into improving clinical care for this vulnerable population. Method: A retrospective observational study examined 50 65-year-old brain tumour surgery patients between 2022 and 2024 in Patna Medical College and Hospital. Demographic data, tumour features, surgery details, co-morbidities, and MMSE and MoCA cognitive function scores. The statistical study used descriptive statistics, cognitive assessments before and after surgery, and regression analysis to evaluate POCD risk factors. Results: The mean MMSE and MoCA scores considerably decreased post-operation (MMSE: 25.4 ± 2.5 to 23.6 ± 3.0; MoCA: 21.6 ± 3.1 to 19.8 ± 3.7, p < 0.001). Patients over 75, with worse cognitive scores (MMSE <24), several health issues, or procedures lasting over 5 hours are more likely to have POCD. The type of cancer, its location, and postoperative issues including oedema also affected cognitive results. Conclusion: Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a major issue for older people having brain tumour surgery. Cognitive impairment was significantly linked with advanced age, preexisting cognitive impairment, comorbidities, and surgical variables. Essential to reducing these hazards are preoperative risk classification, personalized surgical techniques, and thorough postoperative care. Neuroprotective methods and the effects on cognition over the long run require more study.