A REVIEW ON VACCINE DEVELOPMENT - A SAFEGUARDING KEY FOR GLOBAL HEALTH

Vaccines are biological preparations that provides active immunity against specific diseases, utilizing weakened or inactivated microorganisms, toxins, or mRNA. Vaccination is the process of administering vaccines to enhance the body’s immune response. Immunization refers to making a person resistant to infectious diseases. Various vaccine types exist, including live, attenuated, and inactivated vaccines, among others. The history of vaccines spans centuries, beginning with Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796 and advancing to modern developments like the COVID-19 vaccine in 2020.Vaccine manufacturing involves selecting strains, growing microorganisms, isolating and purifying them, inactivating them, formulating the vaccine, and conducting quality control. The process of producing vaccines is complex, but crucial to public health and disease prevention. The administration routes include oral, intranasal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular methods. Finally, extensive testing ensures safety and efficacy, with performance monitoring for side effects post-vaccination, highlighting the importance of vaccines in public health. KEY WORDS: Vaccine, Immunization, Manufacturing Process, Formulation Components, Quality Control and Testing.