Review Article On Epilepsy Seizures

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Affecting approximately 1 in 100 people globally, it presents a significant public health challenge. Seizures can vary in type, ranging from focal seizures, which originate in one area of the brain, to generalized seizures, affecting both hemispheres. The etiology of epilepsy is multifactorial, including genetic predispositions, structural brain abnormalities, metabolic disturbances, and environmental factors such as head trauma or infections. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, neurological examinations, and advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans, alongside electroencephalography (EEG) to capture the brain's electrical activity. Treatment modalities include antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgical interventions or neuromodulation techniques, such as vagus nerve stimulation or responsive neurostimulation.