Causes and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury on Hospitalized Patients

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common disorder worldwide with severe morbidity, mortality and cost. We conducted a one-year prospective study in a tertiary care center of Nepal to find out causes and cause specific outcome of AKI in hospitalized patients. Methods: Total 83 patients with AKI were included in the study. Causes of AKI, namely; - Sepsis - Hypovolemia - Others( Intrinsic renal disease and Drugs/Toxins) were studied in this study. The following cause specific outcomes of AKI were also studied in this study: - Complete recovery - Partial recovery - ICU requirement - Hemodialysis requirement & - Death Results: Hypovolemia was the most common cause of AKI [( N=38(45.78%)], followed by Sepsis[( N=32(38.55%)] and Others[(N=13(15.66%), which included patients with intrinsic renal disease and toxins mediated AKI]. Total 54(65.06%) patients have complete recovery. Total 18 patients (21.6%) had partial recovery. Total 46 patients (55.4%) had ICU requirement, 17 patients (20.48%) had hemodialysis requirement. Overall in-hospital mortality was 11 (13.25%). Regarding outcome, hypovolemia has the highest complete recovery (68.4%) followed by sepsis (65.6%) and others ( 53.8%). Sepsis has the highest mortality (18.7%) and highest ICU requirement (84.3%). In ‘Others’ group mortality was 0 and had highest partial recovery (46.1%). Conclusions: Hypovolemia is the most common cause of AKI and have highest complete recovery. Patients with sepsis has highest ICU requirement and the mortality.