The Role of Immunity in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Literature Review

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis are increasing over the period. The cause of neurological disorders is linked to the immune system malfunctioning. This review aims to explore the correlation between immunity and neurological disorders. Immune cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells play an important role in normal brain functioning as well as neuroinflammatory responses. Recent research also highlighted that gut microbiota impacts immune responses, playing a vital role in neurological diseases. This review also included the mechanism of interaction between immune cells and neurons. It also identifies that acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, has potential therapeutic implications. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) gene editing is an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It aims to correct genetic mutations and modulate immune responses. Future research should focus on rigorous clinical trials to enhance efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of the promised medicines. To develop innovative therapies to address neurodegenerative disorders, a deep understanding of the connection between immunity and neurological diseases is essential. With the advancements on these subject matters, we can pave the way to developing effective, safe, and targeted therapeutic strategies.