A Comprehensive Review: Ehancing The Solubility & Oral Bioavailability Through Solid Dispersion

Approximately 40% of newly discovered chemical entities (NCEs) in the pharmaceutical industry today, identified through combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, exhibit high lipophilicity or poor water solubility. Consequently, the prevalence of such compounds has risen significantly, posing a substantial challenge in formulation development due to their solubility behaviour. Solid dispersion technology has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This review explores recent advancements in solid dispersion formulation, focusing on formulation strategies, characterization techniques, and applications in pharmaceutical drug delivery. Various methods for preparing solid dispersion are discussed, including melting method, solvent evaporation, spray drying, and hot melt extrusion methods. Characterization techniques such as Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction(X-RD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are highlighted for evaluating the physical properties of solid dispersion. Additionally, this review discusses the impact of solid dispersion formulation on drug dissolution kinetics, stability, and in vivo performance.