The Relationship Between Exercise and Sport and Epigenetics

Physical exercise training elicits multiple physiological adaptations, including enhanced cardiorespiratoryendurance capacity, increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and improved arterial compliance, whichmediates blood pressure regulation. The intersection of exercise physiology and epigenetic mechanisms hasemerged as a prominent focus of scientific investigation. Epigenetics encompasses regulatory mechanismsthat modulate gene expression without alterations to the DNA sequence, and these mechanisms demonstratesubstantial plasticity in response to environmental stimuli, particularly exercise. Empirical evidenceindicates that systematic physical activity modifies gene activation patterns through epigenetic processes,including DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Suchepigenetic alterations influence various critical physiological processes, including myogenesis, cellularenergy metabolism, inflammatory response regulation, and cellular senescence.