Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities of Capparis spinosa fruit extract: insights from in vitro and in vivo studies

The fruits of Capparis spinosa have long been used in traditional medicine for their hypoglycemic properties, aimed at regulating blood glucose levels, and their antimicrobial properties, which combat various infections. These qualities make them a popular natural remedy, particularly in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities of Moroccan Capparis spinosa fruit (Caperberries). The evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that methanolic extracts of Capparis spinosa significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as Aspergillus niger, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.38 mg/ml. Regarding hypoglycemic effects, the extracts reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats treated orally for 21 days, compared to an untreated diabetic group and a group treated with metformin (20 mg/kg). Notably, Capparis spinosa fruit extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a marked hypoglycemic effect and promoted weight recovery. These findings confirm the antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects of Capparis spinosa fruit extract, supporting its traditional use as a remedy for diabetes and infections.