Biodegradable Polymers for Sustainable 3D Printing: Properties, Processing, and Applications

The rapid evolution of 3D printing technologies has fueled interest in developing sustainable materials to mitigate the environmental impact of additive manufacturing. This review paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the use of various biodegradable polymers, synthesizing research advancements, technological breakthroughs, and emerging applications of these materials in diverse 3D printing contexts. It also examines the future possibilities of this technology, addressing necessary modifications to existing methods to accommodate biodegradable polymers, and highlights how their unique properties can be leveraged to minimize carbon footprints. By encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices in manufacturing, this shift not only contributes to environmental conservation but also aligns with global efforts to achieve a circular economy. The paper emphasizes the promise of bio-renewable sources, such as bio-based materials, as alternatives to traditional petroleum-derived and mineral-based materials. From medical implants and eco-friendly solutions for packaging to artistic innovations, the study showcases the wide range of practical applications, illustrating the versatile impact of this technology. It emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary cooperation in advancing material science and 3D printing technologies. Furthermore, it delves into the properties of various biodegradable polymers, assessing their suitability for specific 3D printing methods. The economic feasibility of adopting biodegradable polymers in industrial-scale 3D printing is also examined, shedding light on potential challenges and opportunities and a strategic roadmap for the same. In essence, this paper provides a holistic overview of current efforts and future trajectories in advancing sustainable materials for 3D printing, offering valuable insights into this transformative field.