Periodontal Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Implications for Systemic Health and Dental Management

Background: Research suggested that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists as an inflammatory condition while studies established that periodontal disease interacts with CKD in two directions. This work measured that the periodontal disease affects kidney disease progression as well as identify proper treatment methods for dental conditions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted and analyzed collaboratively mainly at RAK College of Medical Sciences, IMDC Islamabad and LUMHS Jamshoro from December 2022 to December 2023. An assessment of 80 CKD patients aged 55.3 ± 10.7 years was done via Purposive sampling technique was used and patients were selected based on pre-defined criteria (CKD diagnosis at stages 3–5 and documented periodontal health status). Clinical parameters of periodontal health included probing depth measurements and attachment loss quantification along with inflammatory mediators’ assessment. The research evaluated patient-reported oral health data with renal function results along with systematic inflammatory marker levels. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with SPSS (p < 0.05) to evaluate the relationship of periodontal disease with CKD progression and systemic inflammation. Results: Patients with severe periodontal disease experienced accelerated CKD progression together with increased systemic inflammation at p-values of 0.015 and 0.021 respectively. CKD patients who had poor oral health presented higher rates of cardiovascular complications according to statistical analysis (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Structured periodontal care featuring non-surgical therapy alongside antimicrobial therapies enhanced patient well-being by improving inflammatory profiles in patients. Periodontal disease among CKD patients creates systemic inflammation which leads to negative outcomes for their medical condition.