Tools of Islamic military discourse in the era of the Al-Rasala (The Message of the Prophet)

Aims: The study aimed to highlight the most important tools of Islamic military rhetoric used by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in confronting the enemies of Islam, including the polytheists, Jews, Christians, as well as the Persians and Romans. Islamic military rhetoric employed various direct and indirect methods, demonstrated in battlefields and wars. The study focused on the significant direct methods, such as combat and direct confrontation with enemies, siege, expulsion, truce, and inspiring morale before or during battles. The study also clarified the importance of indirect methods such as correspondence, messages, and the use of encouragement and intimidation. Methodology: The current study adopted the historical-analytical and descriptive approach, which aimed to follow and analyze events in order to identify the key military rhetoric methods used during the Prophet's era. The study also relied on specialized historical sources and references, with a focus on accuracy in gathering and analyzing information. Results: The study showed that the military rhetoric during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) consisted of multiple direct and indirect methods, which had a significant impact on changing the events dramatically. Direct and indirect methods military rhetoric had a significant impact in securing victories for Islam and the Muslims in the battles fought against their enemies, and expanding the borders of the Arab-Islamic state.