The role of cluster analysis in promoting sustainable development in low-density destinations

Introduction: Research on residents' perceptions of sustainable tourism development (STD) has focused mainly on high-density areas, with little attention to emerging destinations. This study analyzes residents' perspectives in Lamego, a historic town in northern Portugal within the Douro World Heritage area. Objective: Using cluster analysis, this study aims to segment residents based on perceptions of community involvement, local government management of tourism (LGMT), tourism impacts, community attachment, economic dependence, perceived risk (COVID-19), and support for STD, and to analyze differences in sociodemographic variables across these groups. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire for Lamego residents. We applied cluster analysis to categorize 250 residents into distinct groups based on their views on support for STD and related variables. Results: Three resident clusters were identified: Moderately Involved, Highly Involved, and Disconnected. These groups show significant differences in their engagement with STD initiatives and perceptions of local governance effectiveness. Conclusion: Findings emphasize the necessity of integrating residents' perceptions into STD planning and policy. This study provides insights for tourism management in emerging, low-density destinations, contributing to more effective and inclusive development strategies.