Comparison of Steinmann Pin and Polymethyl Methacrylate Pin in Experimental Fractures of Humerus in Pigeon Models

Avian orthopedic issues, particularly fractures, pose significant challenges due to birds' unique skeletal anatomy. Their bones, including the humerus (upper wing bone), are often pneumatic (air-filled) and fragile, making fracture management complex. Traditional methods, such as intermedullary pins and plates offer some solutions but have limitations. This study investigated the efficacy of two pin materials for stabilizing humerus fractures in pigeons: Steinman pins (commonly used in veterinary orthopedics) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pins. We created controlled fractures in the humerus of thirty young adult pigeons. These fractures were then stabilized with either Steinman pins or PMMA pins. Radiographic examinations and histological analysis were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-surgery to assess bone healing progress in both groups. The findings revealed comparable healing outcomes between the two pin types, suggesting that PMMA pins could be a viable alternative for stabilizing fractures in birds, offering the additional benefit of sparing them a second surgery for pin removal.