Scientific Testing of Battery Cells and Systems: Insights from Comprehensive Laboratory Investigations

Batteries store vast amounts of energy; however, during transportation or operation, they are exposed to extreme stresses such as significant temperature fluctuations, vibrations, and even accidents involving deformation. An uncontrolled release of stored energy poses a significant threat to people and structures. Typically, batteries contain flammable liquid electrolytes, and local overheating, often triggered by internal short circuits, can lead to ignition. As heat increases, a phase transition occurs in the cathode material, releasing oxygen and intensifying the reaction, resulting in what is known as Thermal Runaway. This can propagate to adjacent cells, leading to severe challenges in containment and mitigation. Therefore, Testing and realistically simulating extreme scenarios are of paramount importance in enhancing LIB safety and preserving trust in this vital technology.