Natural factors of formation and development of geosystems in the Qaratal River basin, Kazakhstan

Given the effects of hydrology on geomorphology and changes in the land body by water flow and the creation of runoff flow, as well as the effect of the shape of basin, the type of basin in terms of geology, the slope of basin, etc., research on this matter becomes important. Damage to agricultural lands, lands, and facilities located on the banks of rivers and streams by running waters and floods can be prevented by careful study, infrastructure and well-documented planning. Given that the Qartal River basin in Kazakhstan is spread over a wide area, the study of the geomorphology of its basin is of particular importance. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors effective in the formation and development of geosystems in this basin. First, geological, morphometric, and hydrological discussions have been conducted for the basin. In this study, hydrometric climatological data of physical and hydrological characteristics for the basin were analyzed, and it was determined that the aforementioned factors have complex relationships with each other and that the most important factor affecting the behavior of the river was climatic factors, especially the amount and type of rainfall. In this study, the potentials of the basin in terms of climate and water supply were identified and determined, which can be further exploited with careful management and planning.