The P2P Energy Management Scheme for Integrated Energy Microgrid Considering P2G and Electricity Network Fee

The prominent role of natural gas networks in mitigating the intermittency of renewable energy resources has highlighted the importance of integrated operation between electricity and gas grids. Additionally, energy storage systems, such as batteries and hydrogen, play a crucial role in power balancing and energy management. Previous research on the synergy between electricity and natural gas systems has primarily focused on the operational constraints of each grid. Only a few studies have explored market-driven models, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, for the integrated operation of these networks. Furthermore, the limited studies that have implemented the peer-to-peer (P2P) market model for the integrated operation of power and natural gas grids have been conducted in two distinct phases: scheduling and trading. This paper introduces a stochastic P2P market-based optimization model for the coupled operation of natural gas and electricity grids, considering smart grid technologies such as power-to-gas (P2G) storage, batteries, and demand response (DR). Also, the presented framework incorporates alternating current (AC) power flow, natural gas steady-state model, and the power grid usage fee through the electrical distance model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method significantly decreases total operating costs, reduces power losses, improves network component synergy, and enhances the performance of both networks.