Choc pétrolier et crise agricole : notes sur la situation de l'agriculture dans deux pays exportateurs de pétrole sans excédents de capitaux (Mexiaue. Nieériaï

It is more and more difficult to think in a global perspective the evolution of third world agricultures. The international crisis seems to have accentuated the diversity of situations and the possibilities of responses. Among the crisis important parameters, petroleum had counted for a decisive part and the market evolution of the product had engaged distinct sorts of processes in the different types of countries. In the case of the oil exporting countries without capital excédents the past decade had shown that the management of the new financial ressources was difficult as soon as it is transformed in importation and investments capacities. The examples of Mexico and Nigeria show that the destabilizatiqn effects are important and that the peasant economy didn't resist well to the growth of inflation rate and massive imports ; this sector is not able to respond to the demand's growth satisfied by imports. It seemed to be one of the victims of financial ressources variations due to petroleum market prices inestability. Against these factors of inestability, political response is mainly the isolation of distinctive circuits of production and consumption in global economic context, in wich the function of agriculture is rapidly changing.