Analysis of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli: Bacteriological Insights from Clinical Samples

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing concern in healthcare,driven by new resistance mechanisms, poor infection control, andantibiotic misuse. Proper antibiotic use is crucial for improving patientoutcomes. However, inadequate practices foster resistance amongbacteria that produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL). Objective: This study aims to detect and identify ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria (GNB), offering insights for better management and surveillance.Methodology: In this study, clinical samples from patients admitted between 2021 and 2024 underwent standard culture procedures. Gram-negative isolates were tested for ESBL production using recommended methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from bacterial isolates, followedby plasmid extraction and gel electrophoresis. Specific primers targetedbla gene sequences for TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M. PCR reactions wereconducted Under UV light, visualised with ethidium bromide staining,using agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: In this analysis, predominant isolates of GNB were from urine(64%), exudates (26%), and respiratory (10%) samples. Out of 144ESBL-producing GNB obtained, 40% of the isolates were positive forthe blaTEM gene, 27% for blaCTX-M, and 14% for blaSHV.Conclusion: ESBL-producing GNB are widespread in the gut, and highlyresistant. Among 2356 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella speciesprevailed. ESBLs, mainly in E. coli and Klebsiella, pose therapeuticchallenges, necessitating updated therapy strategies and prudentcephalosporin use. Routine testing for ESBL detection is crucial inclinical labs for effective control. How to cite this article:Louis J M, Selvabai A P, Shanmugam P,Muthukrishnan I, Kumar M. Analysis of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli: Bacteriological Insights from Clinical Samples. J Commun Dis. 2024;56(4):110-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202480