Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A Comprehensive Review of Classifications and Treatment Approaches

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a debilitating condition characterized by the fusion of the craniomandibular structures, often resulting from displaced condylar fractures that affect the meniscus. Ankylosis can be fibrous, fibro - osseous, or bony, and may occur unilaterally or bilaterally. The severity of the deformity depends on factors such as the onset, duration, and type of ankylosis. While various surgical methods have been proposed for treatment, no single approach is universally recommended due to inconsistent outcomes and a high rate of failure. This paper reviews various classifications, clinical manifestations, surgical approaches and treatment modalities of Temporomandibular Joint ankylosis. Articles related to classifications and surgical techniques were reviewed and analyzed for this study. Many surgical techniques to manage temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis have been described in the literature. The aim is to present a comprehensive understanding of the condition and its management approaches for enhanced clinical decision - making.