固体脂质纳米粒与纳米结构脂质载体的 制备和质量评估研究进展Research progress on preparation and quality evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers

为促进固体脂质纳米粒与纳米结构脂质载体的综合利用，介绍了固体脂质纳米粒与纳米结构脂质载体的结构、组成，并对其生产技术及质量评估进行了详细阐述。固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体是分别以固体脂质或混合脂质为结构核心并伴有表面活性剂稳定水包油结构的脂溶性物质的纳米输送载体。固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体由脂类、乳化剂及其他成分组成，可采用高能制备工艺（高压均质法、微射流法和超声法）和低能制备工艺（变温相转变法、微乳液法、膜接触法和恒温相反转法）制备，其质量评估指标有粒径、Zeta电位、活性分子的负载能力和包封率及脂质基质的结晶行为等。固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体具有低毒性、低生物降解性、高效生物相容性和利于大规模生产的优势，可作为递送载体保护食品或医药中的活性物质。In order to improve the utilization of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), the structure, composition, production technology and quality evaluation of SLN and NLC were reviewed. SLN and NLC are carriers of liposoluble substances with solid lipids or mixed lipids as the structural core and with surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water structure. SLN and NLC are composed with oils, emulsifiers and other components. SLN and NLC can be prepared by high energy preparation processes (high pressure homogenization, microjet and ultrasonic) and low energy preparation processes (variable temperature phase transition, microemulsion, film contact and constant temperature reverse transformation). The quality characteristics were evaluated by particle size, Zeta potential, loading capacity, encapsulation rate and crystallization behavior of lipid matrix. Based on the advantages of low toxicity, low biodegradability, high biocompatibility and large-scale production of SLN and NLC, they have become a research hotspot to protect active substances in food or medicine as delivery carriers.