eIDAS 2.0: Evaluating the Issuance of Digital University Diplomas

This study examines the implementation challenges and strategic approaches for issuing eIDAS-compliant digital university diplomas. Through a mixed-methods approach that combines regulatory analysis with twelve expert interviews involving Qualified Trust Service Provider (QTSP) executives, conformity assessment specialists, and higher education stakeholders, we evaluate two primary issuance methods: qualified electronic sealed documents with qualified electronic timestamps or Qualified Electronic Attestations of Attributes (QEAA). Our findings reveal that while QEAA offers superior interoperability and holder binding, it faces regulatory uncertainty and implementation complexities. The research indicates that becoming a QTSP presents significant challenges for individual institutions, primarily due to security requirements, high operational costs, and complex conformity assessment processes. We identify three viable alternatives: outsourcing to existing QTSPs, forming university alliances to distribute costs, or implementing a ’bring-your-own-QTSP’ model. This paper provides practical guidance for higher education institutions, emphasizing the importance of standardization, cross-institutional collaboration, and sustainable implementation strategies to enhance the value and portability of digital academic credentials across Europe. Diplomas