Crafting a Multipolar World: Pyongyang's Evolving Narratives

States employ strategic narratives as a means to enhance their interests, and North Korea is no exception. In Pyongyang’s recent strategic narratives, Sang Hun Seok finds that the concept of multipolarity has become more prominent and endorsed. Although not an entirely new concept, it forms the conceptual foundation of Pyongyang’s narratives, and its importance has been elevated beyond a mere descriptor of the current environment to an ideal objective, particularly alongside the deepening of Russia–North Korea relations. Although such narratives may not accurately reflect reality, liberal democracies must strengthen both practical and narrative efforts to uphold a liberal international order.