Exercise interventions to manage bone health in individuals with diabetes: A scoping review.

T1D and T2D are clinical risk factors for fragility fracture, regardless of BMD. However, bone fragility (osteoporosis, fracture) is often overlooked as a secondary complication of diabetes. As a result, there are significant limitations in managing osteoporosis and fracture risk within diabetes care. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with many complications, one of which being impaired bone health. Pharmaceutical, nutritional, and exercise interventions are the main lines of treatment for osteoporosis and fractures. A growing body of evidence has investigated the effects of exercise interventions on bone health in diabetes populations. However, the scope of existing bone health-specific exercise interventions for individuals with diabetes is not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize existing exercise interventions (including characteristics such as type, frequency, intensity, setting, and format), to manage bone health in individuals living with diabetes. This study will use scoping review methodology to identify and summarize exercise interventions for managing bone health in diabetes populations. This review will follow the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and JBI Scoping Review reporting guidelines. The databases to be searched include Medline (Ovid), Embase, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and Web of Science (Core Collection). No limits will be applied to the searches. Reviewers will first screen a select number of studies to pilot test the eligibility criteria. Each title and abstract will then be screened independently by two reviewers. Following this, each full text will be reviewed independently by two reviewers for eligibility. Data will be extracted using a piloted data extraction table by one reviewer and a second reviewer will spot check for completeness and accuracy of information. Exercise interventions reported in the included studies will be described and qualitatively synthesized.