Représentation littéraire de la Parisienne objet de désir et d'anéantissement à travers les espaces

This dissertation examines the literary representation of the Parisienne in 19th-century French literature, exploring her portrayal as both an object of desire and a figure destined for annihilation. Through close readings of select works by Balzac, Zola, Dumas fils, and Barbey d'Aurevilly, it analyzes how the Parisienne is presented as an object of desire in various social spaces, ultimately succumbing to isolation and often a tragic fate, reflecting a realistic or intentional authorial vision. Employing René Girard's theory of mimetic desire, the study demonstrates how the Parisienne's allure stems from her status as a social model, provoking both fascination and rivalry. The analysis examines the crucial role of space in shaping this mimetic desire, showing how different social spaces—from aristocratic salons to working-class districts—influence the Parisienne's trajectory. The dissertation argues that space itself—from bustling boulevards to intimate boudoirs—becomes a crucial element in both the construction and deconstruction of her image. By examining the interplay between space and desire, this study investigates how the Parisienne's narrative arc—from object of desire to isolated figure—is inextricably linked to her physical environment. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the Parisienne's literary representation is not merely a reflection of societal attitudes towards women, but also a powerful commentary on the complexities of mimetic desire, social mobility, and the tragic consequences of unfulfilled aspirations within the dynamic urban landscape of 19th-century Paris.