Biography Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Social Practices Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory 2

At the root of History, Indonesia has experienced a period of colonization by the Dutch for 360 years. According to Suparjan, as quoted by (Sakti et al., 2024), the Dutch colonization lasted for more than three centuries and affected the Indonesian people mentally and physically. Many acts of discrimination committed during the Dutch colonial period took the form not only of physical violence and economic exploitation but also of negative cultural imaging and humiliation. The thoughts of Ki Hadjar Dewantara were written in various magazines or newspaper media, Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Hindia, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara to provide socio-political criticism of the native people to the colonizers. (Wiryopranoto et al., 2017)