Quality and Efficiency Assessment Approaches in Advancing Sustainable Development Goal 4 in Tertiary Education: A Scoping Review

This scoping review investigates quality and efficiency assessment approaches in Tertiary Education Institutions (TEI) to advance Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). It examines empirical studies from 2015 to 2025 that explore evaluation methods, frameworks, and performance indicators in TEI. A systematic search in Web of Science and Scopus, complemented by snowballing techniques, will identify key trends, challenges, and research gaps. In addition, data extraction will focus on methodologies, SDG 4 alignment, and institutional performance metrics. The findings will improve the understanding of quality assessment frameworks and their role in the advancement of SDG 4, informing future research and policy improvements.