Progress of gastric cancer organoids in basic research and clinical application

Gastric cancer ranks fifth in global cancer mortality, which is highly aggressive and heterogeneous. However, the research and treatment of gastric cancer is hindered by short of research models that may characterize the developmental properties of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer organoid is a multicellular three-dimensional structure developed in vitro, which can mimic the structure and function of native gastric cancer. Gastric cancer organoids have great application potential and development prospects in establishing gastric cancer research models, mimicking the tumor microenvironment, high-throughput screening of drugs, discovering new therapeutic targets, predicting clinical therapeutic responses, and guiding individualized treatment. In this paper, the progress of gastric cancer organoids in basic research and clinical application is reviewed aiming for promoting the progress of preclinical research and supporting the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.