Research on Collision Simulation Modeling Technology and Crashworthiness of Trams

［Objective］ Given that trams share rights of road with ground vehicles, the frequent occurrence of collisions between ground passenger vehicles and trams necessitates research into tram collision simulation modeling technology and crashworthiness. ［Method］ A specific tram model is selected as the research sample. Using a self-developed pre-processing module for collision simulation analysis, a simulation model for tram collisions is constructed. A detailed study is conducted on scenarios where a passenger vehicle collides with tram suspension module on the side. ［Result & Conclusion］ The developed pre-processing module for collision simulation analysis enables efficient and convenient construction of tram collision simulation analysis models, significantly improving modeling efficiency. As the collision speed of passenger vehicle increases and the impact point location elevates, the lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall exhibits an increasing trend. Particularly when the impact angle from passenger vehicle ranges between 90° and 120°, the lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall reaches its maximum. Finally, through optimized design of the sidewall cross-section, specifically by filling hollow areas with aluminum foam, the maximum lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall after optimization is reduced by 42%, effectively enhancing the tram crashworthiness in side-collision scenarios.