Discussion Issues Regarding Three-Dimensional Modeling for Analysis of Bridges

Computational modelling for bridge analysis has evolved toward greater sophistication with complex three-dimensional FEM models. Recent software products allow modelling to be completed relatively quickly and easily. However, there are a number of issues that are not precisely clarified, including at the normative level in the Eurocodes. Such an issue is taking into consideration the soil-structure interaction in the horizontal and vertical directions under various types of actions, including the influence on the acceleration response spectra; determining and controlling the stiffness of railway bridges in the transverse direction; the interaction between the railway track and the bridge structure and the non-linear behaviour of the connection in the horizontal and vertical directions; horizontal reactions in railway bridge bearings from seismic actions, etc. This paper focuses on some aspects of the raised issues, regarding FEM modelling of bridges. Furthermore, recommendations for improving of accuracy of computational models are given.