S3 Table -

<div><p>Mechanical stress is a measure of internal resistance exhibited by a body or material when external forces, such as compression, tension, bending, etc. are applied. The study of mechanical stress on health and aging is a continuously growing field, as major changes to the extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesions can result in dramatic changes to tissue stiffness during aging and diseased conditions. For example, during normal aging, many tissues including the ovaries, skin, blood vessels, and heart exhibit increased stiffness, which can result in a significant reduction in function of that organ. As such, numerous model systems have recently emerged to study the impact of mechanical and physical stress on cell and tissue health, including cell-culture conditions with matrigels and other surfaces that alter substrate stiffness and ex vivo tissue models that can apply stress directly to organs like muscle or tendons. Here, we sought to develop a novel method in an in vivo model organism setting to study the impact of altering substrate stiffness on aging by changing the stiffness of solid agar medium used for growth of <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>. We found that greater substrate stiffness had limited effects on cellular health, gene expression, organismal health, stress resilience, and longevity. Overall, our study reveals that altering substrate stiffness of growth medium for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> has only mild impact on animal health and longevity; however, these impacts were not nominal and open up important considerations for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> biologists in standardizing agar medium choice for experimental assays.</p></div>

Publication Details

Journal
Figshare
Published
2024-09-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302673.s008
Primary Topic
Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Type
article
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Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
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Abstract

<div><p>Mechanical stress is a measure of internal resistance exhibited by a body or material when external forces, such as compression, tension, bending, etc. are applied. The study of mechanical stress on health and aging is a continuously growing field, as major changes to the extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesions can result in dramatic changes to tissue stiffness during aging and diseased conditions. For example, during normal aging, many tissues including the ovaries, skin, blood vessels, and heart exhibit increased stiffness, which can result in a significant reduction in function of that organ. As such, numerous model systems have recently emerged to study the impact of mechanical and physical stress on cell and tissue health, including cell-culture conditions with matrigels and other surfaces that alter substrate stiffness and ex vivo tissue models that can apply stress directly to organs like muscle or tendons. Here, we sought to develop a novel method in an in vivo model organism setting to study the impact of altering substrate stiffness on aging by changing the stiffness of solid agar medium used for growth of <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>. We found that greater substrate stiffness had limited effects on cellular health, gene expression, organismal health, stress resilience, and longevity. Overall, our study reveals that altering substrate stiffness of growth medium for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> has only mild impact on animal health and longevity; however, these impacts were not nominal and open up important considerations for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> biologists in standardizing agar medium choice for experimental assays.</p></div>

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Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
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