Estimated closeness index and ranking of technologies in dry sub-humid southern Africa.

<p>Tech: 1: Rosette-resistant variety; 2: Drought-tolerant/resistant variety and short-duration (early- maturing) variety; 3: Early-maturing varieties and hybrids with tolerance to drought; 4: Soil fertility management for P and other nutrients (N, Ca) including chemical/organic fertilizers application; 5: Drought-tolerant varieties and crop management and water conservation practices; 6: Pre and postharvest aflatoxin management practices including Good Agricultural Practices (GAP); 7: Disease-resistant varieties and integrated pest management and crop management practices; 8: Use of good quality seed, appropriate seeding rate and row spacing; 9: Medium- to late-maturing anthracnose-resistant cultivars; 10: Integrated crop management options for soil fertility, water management, Striga, intercropping; 11: Varieties and hybrids with resistance to Striga; 12: Matching varieties that fit the growing period; 13: Lines resistant to insects (aphid, thrip, pod sucking bug, maruca) and integrated crop management; 14: Drought-tolerant varieties and integrated crop management; 15: Moderately-resistant variety (for short-duration variety) and highly-resistant variety (for medium- and long-duration varieties) to early and late leaf spot; 16: Disease-resistant varieties and integrated crop management; 17: Low P-tolerant varieties and integrated crop management; 18: Striga and Alectra-resistant varieties and integrated crop management; 19: Low P-tolerant/efficient variety; 20: Breeding for resistance to parasitic weeds and integrated weed management; 21: Use of inoculant and fertilizers, especially Phosphorus; 22: Establish optimum planting window and awareness creation.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>