Inclusivity in global research.

<div><p>In Lesotho, the hypertension and diabetes care cascades are unknown. We measured awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes among adults ≥18 years and identified factors associated with each step of the cascade, based on data from a population-based, cross-sectional survey in 120 randomly sampled clusters in the districts of Butha-Buthe and Mokhotlong from 1<sup>st</sup> November 2021 to 31<sup>st</sup> August 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations. Among participants with hypertension, 69.7% (95%CI, 67.2–72.2%, 909/1305) were aware of their condition, 67.3% (95%CI 64.8–69.9%, 878/1305) took treatment, and 49.0% (95%CI 46.3–51.7%, 640/1305) were controlled. Among participants with diabetes, 48.4% (95%CI 42.0–55.0%, 111/229) were aware of their condition, 55.8% (95%CI 49.5–62.3%, 128/229) took treatment, and 41.5% (95%CI 35.1–47.9%, 95/229) were controlled. For hypertension, women had higher odds of being on treatment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.54, 95% CI 1.78–3.61) and controlled (aOR 2.44, 95%CI 1.76–3.37) than men. Participants from urban areas had lower odds of being on treatment (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.90) or being controlled (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.85). Considerable gaps along the hypertension and diabetes care cascades in Lesotho indicate that access and quality of care for these conditions are insufficient to ensure adequate long-term health outcomes.</p></div>